ASN Aircraft accident Cessna 650 Citation III I-FEEV Trigoria
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Status:Accident investigation report completed and information captured
Date:Saturday 7 February 2009
Time:06:02
Type:Silhouette image of generic C650 model; specific model in this crash may look slightly different
Cessna 650 Citation III
Operator:Air One Executive
Registration: I-FEEV
MSN: 650-0105
First flight: 1986
Total airframe hrs:6977
Engines: 2 Garrett TFE731-3CR-100S
Crew:Fatalities: 2 / Occupants: 2
Passengers:Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 0
Total:Fatalities: 2 / Occupants: 2
Aircraft damage: Destroyed
Aircraft fate: Written off (damaged beyond repair)
Location:Trigoria (   Italy)
Phase: En route (ENR)
Nature:Ambulance
Departure airport:Roma-Ciampino Airport (CIA/LIRA), Italy
Destination airport:Bologna Airport (BLQ/LIPE), Italy
Flightnumber: 301
Narrative:
A Cessna 650 Citation III corporate jet was destroyed in an accident near Trigorial, 11 km west-southwest of Roma-Ciampino Airport (CIA), Italy. Both crew members were killed.
The airplane was chartered to carry out a medical flight to Cagliari to pick up a patient for transplant surgery at Bologna. But first the jet had to be flown from its home base at Roma-Ciampino Airport to Bologna Airport (BLQ) to pick up a medical team. At 05:54, shortly before departed, Ciampino Tower cleared flight 301 for a PEMAR 5 ALFA Standard Instrument Departure. Following a right hand turn after takeoff from runway 15, the jet was to fly towards the coastline at a heading of approx 240°.
The flight took off from runway 15 at 06:00. After contacting the Roma Radar controller, the crew were received clearance to "fly direct to Bolsena, climb level 240, no speed restriction." This meant that the crew could continue the right hand turn after takeoff to a heading of 336° for a direct course to Bolsena.
About half way the turn was discontinued. The airplane climbed in a shallow left hand turn which progressively became steeper. Altitude was lost and the airplane struck terrain nose down.

Probable Cause:

CAUSE (translated from Italian report):
The cause of the accident was due to an impact with the ground resulting from the loss of control of the aircraft by the captain, who was also the PF.
It appears very likely that during the initial phase inadequate attention was replaced by a phase of spatial disorientation, resulting in a loss of situational awareness, which prompted an inadquate intervention on the flight controls by the PF, resulting in total loss of control of the aircraft (having accentuated the tilt to the left wing, instead of leveling the aircraft).
It is reasonable to assume that the PF, based on the conviction of being in a right turn for Bolsena in IMC night conditions, misinterpreted the unusual turn, using the controls in order to accentuate the bank angle to the left, drastically reducing the vertical component of lift. This turn has consequently caused the aircraft to assume an attitude of increasing bank, a condition that has been aggravated by the continued application on the controls of a positive load factor in order to stop the sudden loss of altitude, without first leveling the wings. Or the aircraft is stabilized in a pronounced downward spiral to the left.
The first officer (PNF), engaged in the management of navigation equipment, has created the unusual turn of the aircraft in conjunction with the commander (PF).
Nevertheless, the considerable gradient of experience on the airplane and hierarchy within the organization between the captain and the first officer has probably prevented him to intervene in a more directive or authoritative way in the recovery phase of the situation.
Also contributing to the outcome of the event was the lack of detail in the definition of the duties of the crew procedures and inadequate adherence to the basic principles of CRM/MCC, with reference to the monitoring and statement of the navigation modes active, navigation procedures and in particular to the lack of requests for inclusion of turns and routes, the deficiency in the performance of controls and optimization of automation that can lighten the workload in a time unfavorable from the point of view of the circadian rhythm and IMC night.
In this respect, it seems fitting to remember the problem of spatial disorientation, although known and studied for decades, is still relevant, and that the only way to counter it is the application of proper use of instruments in compliance with the basic principles of CRM/MCC, which should be part of the normal operating procedures of an operator. This is especially true when working outside of normal circadian rhythms, when it is most easily seen a slowing of cognitive processes.

Accident investigation:

cover
Investigating agency: ANSV Italy
Status: Investigation completed
Duration: 6 years and 3 months
Accident number: Final report
Download report: Final report

Classification:
Loss of situational awareness
Loss of control

Sources:
» ANSV

METAR Weather report:
05:15 UTC / 06:15 local time:
LIRA 070515Z 14018KT 9999 -RA FEW018 SCT030 BKN070 13/10 Q0992=
wind 140 degrees at 18kts, light rain, few clouds 1,800 ft., scattered clouds 3,000 ft., broken clouds 7,000 ft., temperature 13°C, dew point 10°C, 992 mb

05:45 UTC / 06:45 local time:
LIRA 070545Z 16018KT 8000 -RA FEW014 SCT025 BKN070 13/11 Q0992=
wind 160 degrees at 18kts, light rain, few clouds 1,400 ft., scattered clouds 2,500 ft., broken clouds 7,000 ft., temperature 13°C, dew point 11°C, 992 mb


Follow-up / safety actions
The Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) and Flight Data Recorder (FDR) were seized for a judicial inquiry. ANSV also had to turn over documents vital to the investigation. The ANSV thus is not able to conduct a thorough investigation.

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Map
This map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight. The line between the airports does not display the exact flight path.
Distance from Roma-Ciampino Airport to Bologna Airport as the crow flies is 320 km (200 miles).
Accident location: Exact; as reported in the official accident report.

This information is not presented as the Flight Safety Foundation or the Aviation Safety Network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time.
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