Date:	Monday 7 March 2016
Time:	11:07
Type:	Embraer ERJ 190STD (ERJ-190-100)
Owner/operator:	KLM Cityhopper
Registration:	PH-EXB
MSN:	19000658
Year of manufacture:	2014
Engine model:	General Electric CF34-10E5
Fatalities:	Fatalities: 0 / Occupants:
Aircraft damage:	None
Category:	Serious incident
Location:	Basel/Mulhouse/Freiburg EuroAirport (BSL) -   France
Phase:	Taxi
Nature:	Passenger - Scheduled
Departure airport:	Basel/Mulhouse/Freiburg EuroAirport (BSL/LFSB)
Destination airport:	Amsterdam-Schiphol International Airport (AMS/EHAM)
Investigating agency:	BEA
Confidence Rating:	Accident investigation report completed and information captured

Narrative:
A Dornier 328 operated by SkyWork Airlines (HB-AEO) and an Embraer ERJ-190 operated by KLM Cityhopper (PH-EXB) were involved in a serious runway incursion incident at Basel/Mulhouse/Freiburg EuroAirport, France.
SkyWork Airlines flight SX521, a regular passenger flight to Berne, Switzerland, was cleared to taxi via taxiway G for a runway 15 departure.
At the same time, KLM Cityhopper flight KL1986 to Amsterdam, the Netherlands, was cleared to taxi to runway 33 (same runway, opposite direction) via taxiway D. The Basel Tower controller instructed KL1986 to hold short of the runway: "KLM1986 bonjour, hold short of runway 33 Delta". This instruction was read back by the flight crew as: "Line up and wait runway 33 Delta".
Nine seconds later, KLM1986 entered the runway. At the same time flight SX521 was commencing takeoff. The Dornier overflew the ERJ-190 on departure. The vertical separation between the two aircraft was 380 ft at the time of crossing.

Distance between taxiways D and G is approx. 1320 meters.

The runway incursion resulted from an incorrect understanding of the ATC instruction by the crew of flight KLM1986 and the ATC not detecting the read-back error. A partial visual check by the crew, prior to entering the runway, and partial ATC surveillance did not prevent the incursion.
The following factors may have contributed to the event:
- an inaccurate perception of the crew regarding the runway in use;
- time pressure and distraction in the cockpit;
- use of a short taxiway to the runway which left little time for the crew to build an appropriate perception of the actual situation;
- simultaneous management by the ATC of a VFR flight and another IFR flight leaving from runway 33.

10:00 UTC / 11:00 local time:
METAR LFSB 071000Z VRB04KT 9999 FEW026 BKN110 06/M03 Q1004 NOSIG
light variable winds at 4 knots, a visibility of 10+ km with clouds at 2600 ft and broken clouds at 11000 feet

photo (c) ASN; Basel/Mulhouse/Freiburg EuroAirport (BSL); 07 March 2016

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