ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland Canada DHC-8-103 HS-SKI Koh Samui Airport (USM)
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Status:Accident investigation report completed and information captured
Date:Wednesday 21 November 1990
Time:18:15
Type:Silhouette image of generic DH8A model; specific model in this crash may look slightly different
de Havilland Canada DHC-8-103
Operator:Bangkok Airways
Registration: HS-SKI
MSN: 172
First flight: 1989
Total airframe hrs:3416
Cycles:2998
Engines: 2 Pratt & Whitney Canada PW120A
Crew:Fatalities: 5 / Occupants: 5
Passengers:Fatalities: 33 / Occupants: 33
Total:Fatalities: 38 / Occupants: 38
Aircraft damage: Destroyed
Aircraft fate: Written off (damaged beyond repair)
Location:5 km (3.1 mls) SW of Koh Samui Airport (USM) (   Thailand)
Phase: Approach (APR)
Nature:Domestic Scheduled Passenger
Departure airport:Bangkok-Don Muang International Airport (BKK/VTBD), Thailand
Destination airport:Koh Samui Airport (USM/VTSM), Thailand
Flightnumber:BKP125
Narrative:
Bangkok Airways Flight 125 left Bangkok-Don Muang International Airport at 09:58 UTC with IFR clearance to Koh Samui Airport at FL210. Samui Tower was contacted at 10:45 and the crew were told runway 17 was the active runway and that the weather was fair with rain southwest of the field. Wind was later reported at 030 deg/10 knots and the runway was changed to runway 35. On base leg for runway 35 the flight continued ahead instead of turning right for finals. A missed approach procedure was executed with flaps still fully extended and both pilots were confused about which way to go. Samui Tower instructed them to turn left because of a mountain on the right side. BKP 125 entered an area of heavy rain and rolled to the left. Both pilots were disoriented as the aircraft continued to descend in a left wing down attitude. The aircraft eventually impacted into a coconut plantation at a 147 knots speed, 36deg nose-down and 75deg left roll.

Probable Cause:

PROBABLE CAUSE: "The pilot experienced spatial disorientation which resulted in improper control of the aircraft. Factors which contributed to accident were as follows: (1) The pilot flew the aircraft into bad weather condition which had very little or no visual reference; (2) Channelized attention occurred when all of the pilots concentration were focused on looking for the airport and neglecting to do proper cross checking or monitoring the aircraft attitude; (3) Confusion of pilots, poor teamwork or poor cockpit co-ordination in monitoring the flight instruments might contribute to loss of situational awareness and improper control of the aircraft through their false senses."

Classification:

Loss of situational awareness
Loss of control

Sources:
» ICAO Circular 263-AN/157 (231-245)


Photos

photo of DHC-8-103-HS-SKI
accident date: 21-11-1990
type: de Havilland Canada DHC-8-103
registration: HS-SKI
 

Map
This map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight. The line between the airports does not display the exact flight path.
Distance from Bangkok-Don Muang International Airport to Koh Samui Airport as the crow flies is 486 km (304 miles).
Accident location: Approximate; accuracy within a few kilometers.

This information is not presented as the Flight Safety Foundation or the Aviation Safety Network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time.
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