Date:	Tuesday 28 August 2018
Time:	11:15
Type:	Airbus A320-214
Owner/operator:	Beijing Capital Airlines
Registration:	B-6952
MSN:	5331
Year of manufacture:	2012
Total airframe hrs:	17838 hours
Cycles:	9628 flights
Engine model:	CFMI CFM56-5B4/3
Fatalities:	Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 166
Aircraft damage:	Substantial
Category:	Serious incident
Location:	Macau Airport (MFM) -   Macau
Phase:	Landing
Nature:	Passenger - Scheduled
Departure airport:	Beijing-Capital International Airport (PEK/ZBAA)
Destination airport:	Macau Airport (MFM/VMMC)
Confidence Rating:	Accident investigation report completed and information captured

Narrative:
Capital Airlines flight 5759, an Airbus A320-214, diverted to Shenzhen Airport (SZX), China, after sustaining damage in a hard landing at Macau Airport.
The aircraft departed Beijing Airport at 00:17 UTC (08:17 LT), bound for Macau.
Macau Tower controller reported the surface wind to the pilots as 7 knots at 220 degrees (4 knot tailwind and 6 knot crosswind) at 1 minute 25 seconds before touchdown. The ILS approach to runway 34 was continued as the tailwind component was within the company limits of 10 knots.
The autopilot was disconnected at 370 feet Radio Altitude (RA). The aircraft then experienced an increasing tailwind component from 9 knots at 200 feet RA (airspeed 139 knots), to 27 knots at 5 feet RA (airspeed 119 knots). After this severe low-level wind shear encounter, the aircraft touched down on the main landing gear with a peak vertical acceleration 2.36G at about 350 metres after the threshold of runway 34. It bounced and touched down again four seconds later on the nose landing gear with peak vertical acceleration 3.41G at about 635 metres after the threshold of runway 34. The nose landing gear bogey broke off and debris was ingested into both engines. At 03:16 UTC (11:16 LT) the captain carried out a go around with low climb rate.
ATC informed the flight crews that fire was observed coming out from engine no.1. The captain declared a mayday and sought a suitable airport to land the aircraft. The navigation system was inoperative after the hard landing and the backup navigation system was activated.
After evaluating the situation, the flight crew decided to divert to Shenzhen. At 03:57 UTC, the aircraft landed in Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport. All persons onboard were evacuated through evacuation slides from door 1 right and door 4 right.

Contributing factors
First touchdown at 2.36G and bounce
1. Encountered severe low-level wind shear with rapid tailwind increase and downdraft tendency momentarily before touchdown
2. Macau International Airport had no equipment to detect low-level wind shear.
3. The aircraft landed with excessive tailwind.

Second touchdown at 3.41G with nose landing gear
1. A normal landing pitch attitude was not maintained after the bounced landing.
2. The thrust levers were moved to idle from above the CLIMB detent during the bounce, this resulted in the activation of the ground spoiler by the PLD function even when the aircraft was actually airborne (due to the memorization of the ground condition for 3 seconds).

UTC / local time:
VMMC 280330Z 22017KT 170V240 7000 -SHRA FEW009 FEW012CB SCT025 27/25 Q1002 TEMPO 20020G30KT 2500 TSRA

UTC / local time:
VMMC 280300Z 20004KT 160V290 9999 FEW012 SCT030 29/26 Q1002 TEMPO VRB15G25KT 2500 TSRA FEW010CB SCT020

UTC / local time:
VMMC 280230Z 18006KT 150V220 9999 FEW012 SCT030 29/26 Q1002 TEMPO 4000 SHRA FEW010CB SCT020

Report INCID/01/2018

photo (c) Flightradar24; Macau Airport (MFM); 28 August 2018

Date/time	Contributor	Updates